Alpine Linux 操作整理 [Jonathan's Wiki 筆記]

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====== Alpine Linux 操作整理 ======
===== 設定時區 =====
  * 參考 - https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Setting_the_timezone
  * Exp. 設定為台北時間 <cli>
apk add tzdata
cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Taipei /etc/localtime
echo "Asia/Taipei" > /etc/timezone
apk del tzdata
</cli>
  * ++實際操作過程|<cli>
ct-dns:~# date
Thu Jul  8 23:35:50 UTC 2021
ct-dns:~# apk add tzdata
fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.14/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.14/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
(1/1) Installing tzdata (2021a-r0)
Executing busybox-1.33.1-r3.trigger
OK: 41 MiB in 71 packages
ct-dns:~# ls /usr/share/zoneinfo
Africa        CET           Egypt         GMT+0         Iran          MST7MDT       Poland        UTC           zone.tab
America       CST6CDT       Eire          GMT-0         Israel        Mexico        Portugal      Universal     zone1970.tab
Antarctica    Canada        Etc           GMT0          Jamaica       NZ            ROC           W-SU
Arctic        Chile         Europe        Greenwich     Japan         NZ-CHAT       ROK           WET
Asia          Cuba          Factory       HST           Kwajalein     Navajo        Singapore     Zulu
Atlantic      EET           GB            Hongkong      Libya         PRC           Turkey        iso3166.tab
Australia     EST           GB-Eire       Iceland       MET           PST8PDT       UCT           posixrules
Brazil        EST5EDT       GMT           Indian        MST           Pacific       US            right
ct-dns:~# ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/
Aden           Barnaul        Dili           Jayapura       Kuwait         Pontianak      Srednekolymsk  Urumqi
Almaty         Beirut         Dubai          Jerusalem      Macao          Pyongyang      Taipei         Ust-Nera
Amman          Bishkek        Dushanbe       Kabul          Macau          Qatar          Tashkent       Vientiane
Anadyr         Brunei         Famagusta      Kamchatka      Magadan        Qostanay       Tbilisi        Vladivostok
Aqtau          Calcutta       Gaza           Karachi        Makassar       Qyzylorda      Tehran         Yakutsk
Aqtobe         Chita          Harbin         Kashgar        Manila         Rangoon        Tel_Aviv       Yangon
Ashgabat       Choibalsan     Hebron         Kathmandu      Muscat         Riyadh         Thimbu         Yekaterinburg
Ashkhabad      Chongqing      Ho_Chi_Minh    Katmandu       Nicosia        Saigon         Thimphu        Yerevan
Atyrau         Chungking      Hong_Kong      Khandyga       Novokuznetsk   Sakhalin       Tokyo
Baghdad        Colombo        Hovd           Kolkata        Novosibirsk    Samarkand      Tomsk
Bahrain        Dacca          Irkutsk        Krasnoyarsk    Omsk           Seoul          Ujung_Pandang
Baku           Damascus       Istanbul       Kuala_Lumpur   Oral           Shanghai       Ulaanbaatar
Bangkok        Dhaka          Jakarta        Kuching        Phnom_Penh     Singapore      Ulan_Bator
ct-dns:~# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Taipei /etc/localtime
ct-dns:~# echo "Asia/Taipei" > /etc/timezone
ct-dns:~# date
Fri Jul  9 07:38:52 CST 2021
ct-dns:~# apk del tzdata
(1/1) Purging tzdata (2021a-r0)
Executing busybox-1.33.1-r3.trigger
OK: 38 MiB in 70 packages
</cli>++
  
  
===== 更改 IP  =====
  * Exp. 設定 IP 為 192.168.11.60 <cli>
vi /etc/network/interfaces
</cli><file>
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.11.60
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        gateway 192.168.11.254
</file>

===== 更改 hostname  =====
  * Exp. 設定 hostname 為 pve-alpine3 <cli>
echo "pve-alpine3" > /etc/hostname
hostname -F /etc/hostname
vi /etc/hosts
</cli><file>
:
127.0.0.1       alpine3.ichiayi.com pve-alpine3 localhost.localdomain localhost
:
</file>
  * 驗證修改後的 hostname <cli>
pve-alpine3:~# hostname
pve-alpine3
pve-alpine3:~# hostname -f
alpine3.ichiayi.com
</cli>

===== Alpine 版本升級方式 =====
  * 參考 - https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-upgrade-alpine-linux-3-4-to-3-5-xx/
  - 更新目前版本到最新版 <cli>
apk update
apk upgrade
</cli>
  - 更新 apk repo 設定 Exp. 3.20 -> 3.21<cli>
sed -i 's/v3.20/v3.21/g' /etc/apk/repositories
</cli>
  - 進行更新 repo <cli>
apk update
</cli>
  - 進行升級 <cli>
apk upgrade
apk fix
apk add --upgrade apk-tools
apk upgrade --available
apk add --upgrade alpine-base
</cli>
  - 重新開機讓升級生效 <cli>
sync
reboot
</cli>
  - 確認更新後的版本 <cli>
cat /etc/alpine-release
</cli>
===== 安裝 SSH Server =====
  * 參考 - https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Setting_up_a_SSH_server
  * 安裝步驟<cli>
apk add openssh
rc-update add sshd
rc-status
rc-service sshd start
</cli>
  * 如果要讓 root 可以登入, 就要修改 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 內的 PermitRootLogin 定義<file>
:
#LoginGraceTime 2m  
PermitRootLogin yes
:
</file>然後重啟服務<cli>
rc-service sshd restart
</cli>

===== 安裝 snmpd Server =====
  * 安裝步驟<cli>
apk add net-snmp
</cli>
  * 編輯 /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
  * 啟動 snmpd <cli>
rc-update add snmpd
rc-service snmpd start
</cli>

===== 安裝 Qemu-Agent =====
  * 啟用 community 套件來源 <cli>
 vi /etc/apk/repositories
</cli><file>
:
#/media/cdrom/apks
http://mirror.dst.ca/alpine/v3.16/main
http://mirror.dst.ca/alpine/v3.16/community
#http://mirror.dst.ca/alpine/edge/main
#http://mirror.dst.ca/alpine/edge/community
#http://mirror.dst.ca/alpine/edge/testing
</file>
  * 進行更新與安裝 <cli>
apk update; apk upgrade
apk add qemu-guest-agent
</cli>
  * 確認 vport 的位置 <cli>
pve-airsonic:~# ls -lt /dev/vport*
crw-------    1 root     root      242,   1 Jan 30 11:06 /dev/vport1p1
</cli>
  * 修改 /etc/conf.d/qemu-guest-agent 設定 GA_PATH=“/dev/vport1p1” <file>
:
# Specifies the device path for the communications back to QEMU on the host
# Default: /dev/virtio-ports/org.qemu.guest_agent.0
GA_PATH="/dev/vport1p1"
</file>
  * 讓設定生效 <cli>
rc-update add qemu-guest-agent
rc-service qemu-guest-agent restart
</cli>

===== 其他安裝 Alpine 服務 =====
{{topic>alpine}}

{{tag>alpine timezone ssh}}