差異處
這裏顯示兩個版本的差異處。
| 兩邊的前次修訂版 前次修改 下次修改 | 前次修改 | ||
| tech:ubuntu18 [2021/01/27 09:08] – [網路 IP 設定] jonathan | tech:ubuntu18 [2025/02/05 11:07] (目前版本) – [清除系統檔案空間] jonathan | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 行 1: | 行 1: | ||
| - | ====== Ubuntu 18/20 相關設定整理 ====== | + | ====== Ubuntu 18/20/22 相關設定整理 ====== |
| + | ===== 了解主機現況配置 ===== | ||
| + | * CPU核心數 / 記憶體大小 / 硬碟空間 / 作業系統版本 < | ||
| + | lscpu | ||
| + | free -h | ||
| + | lsblk | ||
| + | lsb_release -a | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | cat / | ||
| + | cat / | ||
| + | df -h / | ||
| + | cat / | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | * 網路相關 < | ||
| + | curl https:// | ||
| + | sudo ufw status | ||
| + | ip a | ||
| + | ip r | ||
| + | ip link show | ||
| + | cat / | ||
| + | tracepath -n 1.1.1.1 | ||
| + | </ | ||
| ===== 網路 IP 設定 ===== | ===== 網路 IP 設定 ===== | ||
| * 參考 | * 參考 | ||
| 行 41: | 行 63: | ||
| * 可以透過 sudo netplan apply 立即生效或是 sudo reboot 重新開機後生效 | * 可以透過 sudo netplan apply 立即生效或是 sudo reboot 重新開機後生效 | ||
| - | ===== 更改 hostname ===== | + | ===== 設定 ufw 主機防火牆 ===== |
| + | * Exp. 設定開啟 tcp port 22(ssh), 80(http), 443(https) 以及 udp port 161(snmp) < | ||
| + | ufw allow proto tcp from any to any port 22,80,443 comment 'Open SSH/Web ports' | ||
| + | ufw allow proto udp from any to any port 161 comment 'Open SNMP ports' | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | * 設定後查看目前 ufw 狀態 < | ||
| + | ufw status | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | * ++看執行結果|< | ||
| + | ~# ufw status | ||
| + | Status: active | ||
| + | |||
| + | To | ||
| + | -- | ||
| + | 22/ | ||
| + | 22, | ||
| + | 161/ | ||
| + | 22/tcp (v6) ALLOW | ||
| + | 22, | ||
| + | 161/udp (v6) | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 修改 iptables 規則, 重開機仍能自動生效 | ||
| + | * 參考 - https:// | ||
| + | * 需要安裝 iptables-persistent 套件< | ||
| + | apt install iptables-persistent -y | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | * 修改 iptables 規則 Exp. < | ||
| + | iptables -I FORWARD -i br0 -p all -j ACCEPT | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | * 將修改後的規則寫入 / | ||
| + | iptables-save -c > / | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 更改 hostname | ||
| * 參考 - https:// | * 參考 - https:// | ||
| * 先 / | * 先 / | ||
| 行 51: | 行 107: | ||
| sudo hostnamectl set-hostname pve-devops1 | sudo hostnamectl set-hostname pve-devops1 | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 更改 hostname (二) ===== | ||
| + | * Exp. 設定 hostname 為 iServStorM1< | ||
| + | sudo su - | ||
| + | vi /etc/hosts | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | 127.0.0.1 | ||
| + | 127.0.1.1 | ||
| + | : | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | vi / | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | iServStorM1 | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | hostname -F / | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | * 參考網址 - | ||
| + | * http:// | ||
| ===== 建立使用者命令 ===== | ===== 建立使用者命令 ===== | ||
| * 參考 - https:// | * 參考 - https:// | ||
| - | * Exp. 建立 localadmin <code sh> | + | * Exp. 建立 localadmin <cli> |
| sudo useradd -s /bin/bash -d / | sudo useradd -s /bin/bash -d / | ||
| sudo passwd localadmin | sudo passwd localadmin | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | * 如果useradd 建立時沒提供 sudo 權限可以之後透過 usermod 來處理 Exp.< | ||
| + | sudo usermod -aG sudo localadmin | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 查詢安裝套件檔案路徑 ===== | ||
| + | * 參考網址 - https:// | ||
| + | * 語法 : dpkg -L 套件名稱 Exp. docker< | ||
| + | /# dpkg -L docker | ||
| + | /. | ||
| + | /usr | ||
| + | /usr/share | ||
| + | / | ||
| + | / | ||
| + | / | ||
| + | / | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Server 版安裝圖形操作介面 ===== | ||
| + | * <code sh> | ||
| + | sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends ubuntu-desktop | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| + | * 參考網址 - | ||
| + | * http:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 清除系統檔案空間 ===== | ||
| + | * System Journal Logs Ref - https:// | ||
| + | * 查看目前已使用空間 <cli> | ||
| + | root@demo-77:/ | ||
| + | Archived and active journals take up 4.0G in the file system. | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | * 即時清除保留兩天 <cli> | ||
| + | root@demo-77:/ | ||
| + | root@demo-77:/ | ||
| + | : | ||
| + | root@demo-77:/ | ||
| + | Archived and active journals take up 16.0M in the file system. | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | * 設定最多使用空間 Exp. 500M <cli> | ||
| + | vi / | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | : | ||
| + | [Journal] | ||
| + | : | ||
| + | SystemMaxUse=500M | ||
| + | : | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | systemctl daemon-reload | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | sudo journalctl --vacuum-size=500M | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===== VMWare 內出現的 multipathd 異常訊息 ===== | ||
| + | * 參考 - https:// | ||
| + | * 在 VMWare 內建立 Ubuntu 20.04 的 VM , 在 / | ||
| + | ~# tail -f / | ||
| + | Aug 31 10:43:07 iiidevops4 multipathd[747]: | ||
| + | Aug 31 10:43:09 iiidevops4 multipathd[747]: | ||
| + | Aug 31 10:43:11 iiidevops4 multipathd[747]: | ||
| + | Aug 31 10:43:12 iiidevops4 multipathd[747]: | ||
| + | Aug 31 10:43:17 iiidevops4 multipathd[747]: | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | * 解決方式 : <cli> | ||
| + | vi / | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | defaults { | ||
| + | user_friendly_names yes | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | blacklist { | ||
| + | devnode " | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | systemctl restart multipath-tools | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 安裝呈現即時網路連線流量工具 ===== | ||
| + | * 參考 - https:// | ||
| + | * 直接安裝 [[https:// | ||
| + | * 安裝語法 <cli> | ||
| + | sudo apt install bmon slurm tcptrack | ||
| + | </ | ||
| {{tag> | {{tag> | ||